History of Enugu State: Founding Fathers, Past Governors, and the Legacy of Wawa People

Introduction

The “History of Enugu State” is a story of resilience, leadership, and cultural identity. From its role in Nigeria’s coal revolution to the rise of the Wawa people and the leadership of past governors, Enugu State has remained a cultural and political powerhouse. In this article, we take a journey through the “History of Enugu State,” exploring its founding fathers, struggles, and achievements.

Overview: Understanding the History of Enugu State

Enugu State, known as the Coal City State, was created on August 27, 1991, after being carved out of old Anambra State by the then military regime of General Ibrahim Babangida. The state is located in the southeast geopolitical zone of Nigeria and is regarded as the political headquarters of the old Eastern Region.

Enugu’s significance in Nigeria’s history stems largely from its vast coal deposits discovered in 1909, which made the city a hub of economic activity, attracting traders, colonial administrators, and workers from across the country.

The Founding Fathers and the History of Enugu State

The History of Enugu State cannot be told without recognizing its founding fathers, who fought tirelessly for the creation of the state.

The movement for the creation of Enugu State was spearheaded by notable leaders and political figures who championed the cause of self-determination for the people of Enugu.

Key founding fathers include:

• Chief Christian Onoh – Former Governor of old Anambra State, popularly called Cc Onoh, who fought for the creation of a separate Enugu State.

• Dr. Okwesilieze Nwodo – First civilian governor of Enugu State after its creation.

• Several community leaders, intellectuals, and cultural figures from the old Anambra and Wawa axis also contributed to the realization of the state.

Their advocacy ensured that the people of Waawa land had a political and administrative identity of their own.

Past Governors of Enugu State

Since its creation in 1991, Enugu State has been governed by both military administrators and civilian governors. Below is a timeline of past governors:

1. Col. Herbert Obi-Eze (1991–1992) – First military administrator.

2. Dr. Okwesilieze Nwodo (1992–1993) – First elected civilian governor.

3. Col. Mike Torey (1993–1996) – Military administrator.

4. Col. Sule Ahman (1996–1998) – Military administrator.

5. Navy Capt. Adewunmi Agbaje (1998–1999) – Military administrator.

6. Dr. Chimaroke Nnamani (1999–2007) – Focused on healthcare reforms and urban development.

7. Barr. Sullivan Iheanacho Chime (2007–2015) – Known for massive infrastructural projects and urban renewal.

8. Rt. Hon. Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi (2015–2023) – Promoted rural development and peacebuilding.

9. Dr. Peter Mbah (2023–date) – Current governor, focusing on economic transformation and innovation.

The Iva Valley Coal Miners’ Riot: A Defining Moment in the History of Enugu State

The “History of Enugu State” is incomplete without the Iva Valley Coal Miners’ Riot of November 18, 1949.

During a protest over poor wages and working conditions, colonial police opened fire on striking coal miners at the Iva Valley mine, killing 21 and injuring 51 others.

This massacre ignited nationalist movements across Nigeria, strengthening the call for independence. It remains a symbol of sacrifice and resistance in Enugu’s history.

The Story Behind the “Wawa” Identity in the History of Enugu State

The people of Enugu are famously called Wawa people, a name that reflects their proud and fearless identity.

The term “Wawa” became popular during the leadership of Chief Onyeama of Eke, a traditional ruler known for his boldness and refusal to be intimidated by colonial powers. His defiant expression “Wawa!” (meaning “No!” or “We refuse!” in Igbo) became a rallying cry of resistance and pride.

Today, the name “Wawa people” symbolizes resilience, courage, and unity among Enugu indigenes.

Local Government Areas in the History of Enugu State

When Enugu State was created in 1991, it started with 12 Local Government Areas (LGAs).

Original LGAs in 1991:

1. Aninri

2. Awgu

3. Enugu East

4. Enugu North

5. Enugu South

6. Ezeagu

7. Igbo-Etiti

8. Igbo-Eze North

9. Igbo-Eze South

10. Isi-Uzo

11. Nkanu East

12. Nkanu West

Current LGAs (post-adjustments):

Today, Enugu State has 17 LGAs, including the additional ones:

• Nsukka

• Oji River

• Udenu

• Udi

• Uzo Uwani

Conclusion

The history of Enugu State is deeply rooted in courage, leadership, and the relentless pursuit of progress. From the Iva Valley miners’ sacrifice to the enduring Waawa spirit, Enugu continues to shape Nigeria’s cultural and political journey.

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